"cultural Heritage Sites Protection: Unesco-focused European Travel Insurance"

"cultural Heritage Sites Protection: Unesco-focused European Travel Insurance" - Only the best outstanding evidence of human and natural history can be included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Petra, Jordan, 3rd century BC, via Unsplash; Rapa Nui, Easter Island, 1100-1500 AD, via Sci-news.com; Newgrange, Ireland, c. 3200 BC, of Irish heritage

"cultural Heritage Sites Protection: Unesco-focused European Travel Insurance"

Once a year, the UNESCO World Heritage Committee meets to support the world's cultural heritage in danger of disappearing. Currently, the UNESCO World Heritage List includes 1,121 cultural monuments and natural sites in 167 different countries. Here are some of the best UNESCO World Heritage sites for archeology enthusiasts.

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The concept of world heritage was created in the United Nations after two world wars. The idea arose to provide global protection to unique objects and territories. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Convention was adopted in 1972.

The cultural monument, which is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, is so valuable that it is important for all of humanity. These places have experienced the history of the country and the people in a completely unique way; they are so priceless that they must be protected and preserved for the future.

According to Lawrence of Arabia, Petra is considered one of the new seven wonders of the world and is "the most beautiful place in the world." Carved out of the pink-red rock of southwestern Jordan, Petra has fascinated archaeologists, writers and travelers from around the world since its rediscovery in 1812. This place was the capital of the Nabataean Empire and served as an important center for the incense trade. To do.

Even getting to Petra is an experience: the only way to reach the city is through the Siq, a deep and narrow gorge more than a kilometer long. At its end is one of the most famous and impressive buildings of the rock city - the so-called Treasure House of the Pharaoh (contrary to its name, it was the tomb of the Nabatean king).

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All archaeologists inspired by Indiana Jones in their careers should visit Petra, the setting for Harrison Ford's Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade. Only about 20% of this UNESCO World Heritage Site has been excavated, so there is still much to discover.

Homer's Iliad and Odyssey made Troy a famous place of pilgrimage in antiquity. It is believed that the ruins of the city were visited by Alexander the Great, the Persian king Xerxes and many others. The location of Troy was forgotten, but in 1870 the German merchant Heinrich Schliemann discovered the ruins of the famous city, which today is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Procession of the Trojan Horse in Troy by Giovanni Domenico Tiepalo, ca. 1760 via the National Gallery in London

One of Schliemann's most famous discoveries was gold, silver and many precious stones. He called it "Priam's Treasure", although it is not clear whether it actually belonged to the lord of Troy. Schliemann brought this treasure and many other treasures back to Germany. Before the Second World War, it was exhibited in Berlin, and after the end of the war, the Russians took it with them. Today, parts are displayed in Moscow and St. Petersburg, but a significant part of the treasures has been lost.

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Statues near the Temple of Abu Simbel, Egypt, color lithograph by Louis Hage after David Roberts, 1849, from the Wellcome Collection

Abu Simbel is about 174 kilometers southwest of Aswan and about 62 kilometers from the border with Sudan. In the 13th century BC, Pharaoh Ramses II commissioned several gigantic building projects, including the temples of Abu Simbel, the tomb of the Ramesseum at Thebes, and the new capital of Pi-Ramesses in the Nile Delta. Over time, these places were filled with sand.

When in 1813 the Swiss scientist Johann Ludwig Burckhardt allowed a local guide to take him to the site of Abu Simbel, he accidentally discovered another architectural monument - the remains of the temples of Ramses II and his wife Nefertari. The Italian Giovanni Battista Belzoni began excavating the temple in 1817. The great temple was fully discovered only in 1909.

In the early 1960s, the world-famous temple complex at Abu Simbel was on the verge of flooding as a result of the construction of the Aswan High Dam. As a result of an unprecedented operation by UNESCO, in which more than 50 countries participated, this place was saved. UNESCO Secretary-General Vitarino Veronese appealed to the conscience of the world with a message that reflects the nature of UNESCO's World Heritage mission:

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"These monuments, the loss of which can be tragically close, belong not only to those countries that trust them. The whole world has the right to see how they suffer.

Angkor Wat was built in the 12th century under King Suryavarman II, who ruled the mighty Khmer Empire until 1150. Built as a Hindu place of worship and dedicated to the god Vishnu, it was converted into a Buddhist temple in the late 13th century. It was first visited by a western traveler at the end of the 16th century.

The temple complex in Siem Reap is often, but erroneously, called Angkor Wat. However, Angkor Wat is a special temple in a large complex. The temple is completely symmetrical. It has five towers, the tallest of which represents Mount Meru, the center of the world. King Surivarman II dedicated the temple to the Hindu god Vishnu, with whom he identified himself.

Angkor Wat is only part of the vast complex, and many other temples are no less impressive: Ta Prohm temple, overgrown with jungle; the somewhat secluded Bantei Srei temple; and the famous faces of the Bayonne Temple in the center. Ta Prohm is also famous for being used in Lara Croft: Tomb Raider with Angelina Jolie.

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Easter Island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that belongs to Chile, but is quite far from the country. The island chain is located in the central South Pacific, east of Tahiti and southwest of the Galapagos Islands. It is one of the most isolated places on earth; the nearest inhabited land is Pitcairn Island, more than 1,000 kilometers away. However, people once lived in this remote place, leaving behind a cultural heritage that was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1995.

Today's research shows that Easter Island around 500 AD. was settled by migrating Polynesians. Modern genetic research has proven that the bones found on the island are of Polynesian, not South American, origin. Rapa Nui is best known for its stone statues, called moai, that are scattered throughout the island. Today, there are 887 stone statues, the height of some of which exceeds 30 meters. Throughout the island's history, ten different tribes have taken over and controlled different areas of the island. Each tribe built large moai statues of volcanic stone to honor their ancestors. However, many mysteries still surround the mysterious statues and the people who erected them.

The island got its name from the Dutchman Jacob Rogeven, who landed on it on Easter Sunday in 1722. While European colonial powers did not show much interest in the small, barren island in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, Chile annexed Rapa Nui during the 1888 expansion. The island was planned to be used as a naval base.

The Terracotta Army at the Mausoleum of China's First Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi, photo by Kevin McGill via Art News

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When ordinary Chinese farmers dug a well in Shaanxi province in 1974, they had no idea what sensational archeology they would find. After just a few shovel cuts, they reached the famous tomb of Qin Shihuangdi (259-210 AD), the first emperor of China. Immediately, archaeologists arrived, began digging and came across the world-famous red-brown terracotta army, the guards of the imperial burial chamber.

Today, it is believed that around 8,000 terracotta statues surrounded the emperor. About 2,000 have already been discovered, of which no two are alike. The work of Qin's whole life was the unification of the existing kingdoms into one Chinese empire through long campaigns. But in his grave there were not only symbols of military power. His tomb was surrounded by ministers, chariots, acrobats, landscapes with animals and much more.

The Terracotta Army is only a small part of what exists underground. The landscape of the tomb consists of a fully reconstructed imperial court that stretches for 112 miles. About 700,000 people worked for four decades to build this underground world. Only a small part of the burial landscape near Xi'an has been explored, and excavations there will take decades.

Mesa Verde National Park, located in southwestern Colorado, protects about 4,000 archaeological sites. The most impressive of them are the stone dwellings of the Anasazi tribes in the 13th century AD.

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