"carbon Capture Breakthroughs: Mitigating Emissions From Gas And Coal Power Plants"

 "carbon Capture Breakthroughs: Mitigating Emissions From Gas And Coal Power Plants" - Founded by MIT chemical engineers and winner of an XPRIZE Carbon Removal milestone award, Verdox is working to move the needle on climate change.

First developed at MIT, the technology enabled by Verdox allows a flow of air or flue gas (blue) containing carbon dioxide (red) to enter the system from the left. As it passes between thin battery electrode plates, carbon dioxide attaches to the charged plates while the cleaned air stream passes through and exits to the right.

"carbon Capture Breakthroughs: Mitigating Emissions From Gas And Coal Power Plants"

Gas enters each stack on one side and is channeled through the electrodes that make up the stack, in which the carbon dioxide is absorbed. The remaining gas simply passes through the stack and exits the other side. Once the stack is saturated with CO₂, the incoming gas is stopped and pure CO₂ leaves the stack on the other side. Installing stacks in parallel with alternating cycles allows for a continuous flow of incoming mixed gas and outgoing pure CO₂.

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By most measures, MIT chemical engineering spinoff Verdox has had an exceptional year. The carbon capture and sequestration startup, which launched in 2019, announced $80 million in funding in February from a group of investors that included Bill Gates' Breakthrough Energy Ventures. Then, in April — after recognition as one of the top energy pioneers of the year by

— the company and partner Carbfix won a $1 million XPRIZE Carbon Removal milestone. This was the first round of the Musk Foundation's four-year, $100 million competition, the largest prize offered in history.

“While our core technology has been validated by the significant improvement in performance metrics, this external recognition further verifies our vision,” said Sahag Voskian SM ’15, PhD ’19, co-founder and CTO at Verdox. "It shows that the path we have chosen is the right one."

The search for viable carbon sequestration technology has intensified in recent years, as scientific models show with increasing certainty that any hope of avoiding catastrophic climate change involves limiting carbon dioxide

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Concentrations below 450 parts per million by 2100. Alternative energies will only get humanity so far, and a major removal of CO

Voskian began developing the company's cost-effective and scalable carbon capture technology in the lab of T. Alan Hatton, the Ralph Landau Professor of Chemical Engineering at MIT. "It's exciting to see ideas move from the lab to potential commercial production," said Hatton, one of the company's founders and scientific advisor, adding that Verdox has quickly overcome the initial technical problems that many early-stage companies encounter. "This recognition adds credibility to what we do and really validates our approach."

At the heart of this approach is technology that Voskian describes as "elegant and efficient." Most attempts to take carbon from an exhaust stream or from the air itself require a lot of energy. Voskian and Hatton came up with a design whose electrochemistry makes carbon separation seem almost simple. Their invention is a kind of battery: conductive electrodes coated with a compound called polyanthraquinone, which has a natural chemical attraction to carbon dioxide under certain conditions and no affinity for CO

When these conditions are mitigated. When activated by a low electrical current, the battery is charged and reacts with passing molecules of CO

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Concentrations, from the 20 percent or higher found in cement and steel industry exhaust streams, down to the very diffuse 0.04 percent in the air itself, Hatton says. The science of climate change suggests that removing CO

"This was an academic breakthrough," said Brian Baynes PhD '04, CEO and co-founder of Verdox. Baynes, a chemical engineering alumnus and former employee of Hatton, has numerous startups to his name and a history as a venture capitalist and mentor to young entrepreneurs. When he first encountered Hatton and Voskian's research in 2018, he was "impressed that their technology showed it could reduce the energy consumption of certain types of carbon capture by 70 percent compared to other technologies," he says. "I was encouraged and impressed by this low-energy imprint and recommended that they start a business."

Neither Hatton nor Voskian had commercialized a product before, so they asked Baynes to help them get started. "I normally turn down these requests, because the costs generally outweigh the upside," says Baynes. "But this innovation had the potential to move the needle on climate change, and I saw it as a rare opportunity."

The Verdox team has no illusions about the challenge ahead. "The scale of the problem is huge," says Voskian. "Our technology must be able to capture mega- and gigatonnes of CO

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From air and emission sources.” In fact, the International Panel on Climate Change estimates that the world needs to remove 10 gigatons of carbon dioxide

To scale up successfully and at a pace that could meet the world's climate challenge, Verdox must become "a company that works in a techno-economic sense," as Baynes puts it. This means, for example, ensuring that its carbon dioxide capture system offers clear and competitive cost advantages when deployed. No problem, says Voskian: "Our technology, because it uses electrical energy, can easily be integrated into the grid and work with solar and wind on a plug-and-play basis." The Verdox team believes their carbon footprint will beat that of the competition by orders of magnitude.

The company is pushing past a series of technical hurdles as it ramps up: enabling the carbon capture battery to run hundreds of thousands of cycles before its performance degrades, and improving the polyanthraquinone chemistry so the device is even more selective for CO

After passing critical milestones, Verdox is now working with its first announced commercial customer: Norwegian aluminum company Hydro, which aims to eliminate carbon dioxide

The Device That Reverses Co2 Emissions

From the surrounding air. "We're designing devices that would look like rows and rows of big fans that bring the air into boxes that contain our batteries," he says. Such approaches could prove particularly useful in places like airfields, where there are higher than normal carbon dioxide concentrations.

All this captured carbon has to go somewhere. With XPRIZE partner Carbfix, which has a decade-old, proven method to mineralize captured CO

With its customers and partners, the team appears well-positioned for the next round of the XPRIZE carbon removal competition, which will award up to $50 million to the group that best demonstrates a working solution at a scale of at least 1,000 tons removed per year, and can present a feasible plan for scaling to gigatons of removal per year.

Burden? Voskian is sure of it. "If we go on our current momentum and see the world embrace carbon sequestration, this is the right way forward," he says. "With our partners, who use manufacturing facilities on a global scale, we will make a grip on the problem in our lifetime."

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Sustainable And Negative Carbon Footprint Solid Based Naoh Technology For Co2 Capture

By Paweł Madejski Paweł Madejski Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar * , Karolina Chmiel Karolina Chmiel Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar , Navaneethan Subramanian Navaneethan Subramanian Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar and Tomasz Kuś Tomasz Kuś Tomasz Kuś Scilit Preprints.

Department of Power Systems and Environmental Protection Facilities, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

Received: December 2, 2021 / Revised: January 18, 2022 / Accepted: January 20, 2022 / Published: January 26, 2022

Capture (pre-combustion capture, post-combustion capture and oxy-combustion capture) together with the principles of these methods and examples of existing and operational installations. The primary differences between the chosen methods and techniques, with

A New Era For Ccus

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